What are altcoins?

Altcoin is a portmanteau of “alternative” and “coin.” Simply put, altcoins are any cryptocurrencies other than Bitcoin. While Bitcoin remains the most well - known and dominant cryptocurrency in terms of market capitalization and recognition, altcoins have carved out their own niches, each with its unique features, use - cases, and technological innovations. Since the launch of Bitcoin in 2009, thousands of altcoins have been created, with new ones emerging regularly.

Characteristics of Altcoins

1. Diverse Technological Features

• Blockchain Variations: Many altcoins are built on their own independent blockchains, which often incorporate improvements or different design choices compared to Bitcoin’s blockchain. For example, Ethereum introduced the concept of smart contracts, enabling developers to build decentralized applications (dApps) on top of its blockchain. This innovation opened up a whole new realm of possibilities, from decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms to non - fungible token (NFT) marketplaces. Litecoin, on the other hand, uses a different hashing algorithm (Scrypt) compared to Bitcoin’s SHA - 256. This change was aimed at making the mining process more accessible to a wider range of users, as it requires less specialized hardware.

• Consensus Mechanisms: In addition to Bitcoin’s proof - of - work (PoW) consensus mechanism, altcoins have experimented with various alternatives. Proof - of - stake (PoS), for instance, is used by several altcoins. In a PoS system, validators are chosen to create new blocks based on the amount of cryptocurrency they “stake” or hold. This approach is generally considered more energy - efficient than PoW, as it doesn’t require the massive computational power needed for mining in a PoW network. Examples of altcoins using PoS include Cardano and Tezos.

2. Different Use - Cases

• Payment - focused Altcoins: Some altcoins are designed primarily as a medium of exchange, similar to Bitcoin but with the aim of improving on its limitations. For example, Ripple (XRP) was created to facilitate fast and low - cost international money transfers. It has partnerships with financial institutions and aims to revolutionize the traditional cross - border payment system. Dash is another payment - oriented altcoin that offers features like instant transactions and private transactions, making it suitable for users who value both speed and privacy in their financial dealings.

• Platform - based Altcoins: As mentioned earlier, Ethereum serves as a platform for building dApps. Other platform - based altcoins include EOS, which is designed to be a highly scalable blockchain platform capable of handling a large number of transactions per second. This makes it suitable for enterprise - level applications and decentralized services that require high - performance infrastructure.

Classification of Altcoins

1. Forked Altcoins

• Hard Forks: A hard fork occurs when there is a significant disagreement within the community of a particular cryptocurrency regarding its protocol. As a result, a new cryptocurrency is created with a different set of rules. Bitcoin Cash is a well - known example of a hard - fork altcoin. It was created in 2017 when a group of Bitcoin miners and developers decided to increase the block size limit of the Bitcoin blockchain. This was done to address concerns about Bitcoin’s scalability, as the original blockchain was facing congestion issues due to a growing number of transactions.

• Soft Forks: Soft forks are less radical changes to a cryptocurrency’s protocol. They are backward - compatible, meaning that nodes running the old version of the software can still interact with nodes running the new version. Litecoin Cash is an example of a soft - fork altcoin. It was forked from Litecoin with some modifications to improve the coin’s performance and features.

2. Independent Altcoins

• Original Innovations: Many altcoins are developed from scratch, independent of any existing cryptocurrency. These coins introduce entirely new concepts and technologies.

For example, Monero is known for its strong privacy features. It uses advanced cryptographic techniques to obfuscate transaction details, including the sender, receiver, and the amount being transferred. This makes it a popular choice for users who prioritize privacy in their cryptocurrency transactions. Another example is Dogecoin, which started as a joke but has gained significant popularity. It features a fast block time and a large total supply, making it more accessible for everyday use, and it has been used in various online communities for tipping and small - scale transactions.